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Guofang SHEN
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期 页码 376-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017186
关键词： ecological conservation development construction ” description important governmental
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425
The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.
关键词： ecological management high quality development industrial structure soil erosion soil and water conservation Loess Plateau
Dawei ZHANG
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 557-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0077-5
关键词： ecological conservation redline development of energy and mineral resources coordinated development
Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources
Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 58-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0688-3
关键词： contingent valuation method questionnaire survey Miyun Reservoir
傅志寰
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第12期 页码 13-16
近年来我国能源消费增长快、利用效率低的问题比较突出，原有《节能法》已经不能适应当前节能工作的要求。为了推动全社会的节约能源工作，全国人大今年修订了这部法律。文章介绍了修订后的《节能法》基本思路、主要内容和实施后的初步效果。
Building Energy Conservation and Technology
Yi JIANG, Xiaohua LIU,
《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期 页码 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0025-x
CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431
China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.
To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.
Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.
Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).
With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).
We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期 页码 179-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015058
关键词： conservation tillage crop yield soil structure development strategies
牟雪洁,张箫,王夏晖,王金南,饶胜,黄金,柴慧霞
《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第1期 页码 113-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.012
黄河流域生态环境较为敏感且脆弱，长期以来受气候变化以及大规模、高强度的人类开发建设活动影响，流域整体性、系统性生态退化问题突出，生态安全形势不容乐观。为有效促进黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展，筑牢国家生态安全屏障，本文系统评估了近20 年黄河流域生态系统在结构、质量方面的现状及变化情况；总结了当前黄河上、中、下游存在的主要问题与不足，包括流域生态脆弱且整体性、系统性退化问题突出以及现有生态保护修复工作在体制与机制、投入力度、实施成效等方面的瓶颈制约；在此基础上提出了未来黄河流域生态保护修复策略。研究表明：近20 年来，黄河流域生态系统结构总体稳定，但部分类型变化明显，城镇显著扩张，森林、草地、湿地等有所增加，荒漠明显减少；生态系统质量整体改善，并以中游地区较为显著，但局部仍存在退化情况，尤其以下游地区较为显著。为此，本文建议，应通过系统评估生态工程实施成效、因地制宜推进生态保护修复、创新建立生态产品价值实现机制3 个方面加强黄河流域生态保护修复，保障区域生态安全。
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1462-y
•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development.
关键词： Water conservation Environmental protection Industry transformation Evenness Sustainable development Dryland
The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects
Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第4期 页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048
关键词： water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics
孙思琦,陈永喆,王聪,胡庆芳,吕一河
《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第5期 页码 97-106 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.012
近年来，华北地区实施了一系列生态保护与恢复工程，植被生态状况发生了显著变化；探究区域植被恢复对水循环过程及水资源供需平衡的影响，对于完善生态恢复策略、实现区域水资源可持续利用十分重要。本文采用皮尔逊相关系数和莫兰指数，结合多源水参量数据进行综合性分析，阐释了植被和不同水参量的时空变化情况，甄别了植被保育与恢复下的水资源变化响应，进而探讨了华北地区水资源与植被恢复的权衡关系。研究结果表明，华北地区的生态保护与恢复工程成效显著，植被净初级生产力的增速约为恢复工程区外的2.3 倍；植被的扩张与蒸散量表现出空间与时间上的强相关性；植被恢复引起的蒸散量提高是引起水储量赤字或显著降低的主要原因。为此建议，华北地区可完善生态恢复策略，在植被保育与恢复过程中考虑水资源的限制作用；以自然恢复方式为主，促进生态恢复的可持续性、水资源的可利用性。
《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 页码 542-547 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0834-8
Conservation and tourism development of house settlements in Moso matriarchate in Lugu Lake area
Yaoyun XING, Jian DAI, Zhujiu XIA
《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期 页码 204-210 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0017-2
关键词： Moso matriatchate home conservation of settlement tourism development
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China: concepts for ecological activity
Guofang SHEN
期刊论文
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
期刊论文
Relationship between the development of energy and mineral resources and ecological conservation redline
Dawei ZHANG
期刊论文
Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources
Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI
期刊论文
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
期刊论文
Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands
期刊论文
The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects
Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He
期刊论文
Liquid metal printing opening the way for energy conservation in semiconductor manufacturing industry
期刊论文
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